Download Debian GNU/Linux 12.0

Debian is an open source operating system that can be used for both desktops and servers and with an emphasis on stability and security. It is therefore used as the basis for various Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Linux Mint. Version 12, codenamed ‘Bookworm’, will be updated over the next five years. It was last year Social Contract of Debian has been changed, so that for the first time the installer also contains software that is not completely free and open source, such as drivers and firmware images. The release notes for this release can be found below:

Debian 12 bookworm released

After 1 year, 9 months, and 28 days of development, the Debian project is proud to present its new stable version 12 (code name bookworm). bookworm will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and the Debian Long Term Support team. Following the 2022 General Resolution about non-free firmwarewe have introduced a new archive area making it possible to separate non-free firmware from the other non-free packages:

• non-free-firmware

Most non-free firmware packages have been moved from non-free to non-free-firmware. This separation makes it possible to build a variety of official installation images.Debian 12 bookworm ships with several desktop environments, such as:

• Gnome 43,
• KDE Plasma 5.27,
• LXDE 11,
• LXQt 1.2.0,
• MATE 1.26,
• Xfce 4.18

This release contains over 11,089 new packages for a total count of 64,419 packages, while over 6,296 packages have been removed as obsolete. 43,254 packages were updated in this release. The overall disk usage for bookworm is 365,016,420 KB (365 GB), and is made up of 1,341,564,204 lines of code.

bookworm has more translated man pages than ever thanks to our translators who have made man-pages available in multiple languages ​​such as: Czech, Danish, Greek, Finnish, Indonesian, Macedonian, Norwegian (Bokmål), Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese. All of the systemd man pages are now completely available in German.

The Debian Med Blend introduces a new package: shiny-server which simplifies scientific web applications using R. We have kept to our efforts of providing Continuous Integration support for Debian Med team packages. Install the metapackages at version 3.8.x for Debian bookworm.

The Debian Astro Blend continues to provide a one-stop solution for professional astronomers, enthusiasts, and hobbyists with updates to almost all versions of the software packages in the blend. astap and planetary-system-stacker help with image stacking and astrometry resolution. openvlbi, the open source correlator, is now included.

Support for Secure Boot on ARM64 has been reintroduced: users of UEFI-capable ARM64 hardware can boot with Secure Boot mode enabled to take full advantage of the security feature.

Debian 12 bookworm includes numerous updated software packages (over 67% of all packages from the previous release), such as:

• Apache 2.4.57
• BIND DNS Server 9.18
• Cryptsetup 2.6
• Dovecot MTA 2.3.19
• Emacs 28.2
• Exim (default email server) 4.96
• GIMP 2.10.34
• GNU Compiler Collection 12.2
• GnuPG 2.2.40
• Inkscape 1.2.2
• The GNU C Library 2.36
• lighthttpd 1.4.69
• LibreOffice 7.4
• Linux kernel 6.1 series
• LLVM/Clang toolchain 13.0.1, 14.0 (default), and 15.0.6
• MariaDB 10.11
• Nginx 1.22
• OpenJDK 17
• OpenLDAP 2.5.13
• OpenSSH 9.2p1
• Perl 5.36
• PHP 8.2
• Postfix MTA 3.7
• PostgreSQL 15
• Python 3, 3.11.2
• Rustc 1.63
• Samba 4.17
• systemd 252
• Vim 9.0

With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide architecture support, Debian once again stays true to its goal of being The Universal Operating System. It is suitable for many different use cases: from desktop systems to netbooks; from development servers to cluster systems; and for database, web, and storage servers. At the same time, additional quality assurance efforts like automatic installation and upgrade tests for all packages in Debian’s archive ensure that bookworm fulfills the high expectations that users have of a stable Debian release.

A total of nine architectures are officially supported for bookworm:

• 32-bit PC (i386) and 64-bit PC (amd64),
• 64 bit ARM (arm64),
• ARM EABI (armel),
• ARMv7 (EABI hard float ABI, armhf),
• little-endian MIPS (mipsel),
• 64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el),
• 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el),
• IBM System z (s390x)

32-bit PC (i386) no longer covers any i586 processor; the new minimum processor requirement is i686. If your machine is not compatible with this requirement, it is recommended that you stay with bullseye for the remainder of its support cycle.The Debian Cloud team publishes bookworm for several cloud computing services:

• Amazon EC2 (amd64 and arm64),
• Microsoft Azure (amd64),
• OpenStack (generic) (amd64, arm64, ppc64el),
• GenericCloud (arm64, amd64),
• NoCloud (amd64, arm64, ppc64el)

The genericcloud image should be able to run in any virtualized environment, and there is also a nocloud image which is useful for testing the build process.GRUB packages will by default no longer run os-prober for other operating systems.

Between releases, the Technical Committee resolved that Debian bookworm should support only the merged-usr root filesystem layout, dropping support for the non-merged-usr layout. For systems installed as buster or bullseye there will be no changes to the filesystem; However, systems using the older layout will be converted during the upgrade.